{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122850838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/91385.91441","title":"Control of a virtual actor: the roach","display_name":"Control of a virtual actor: the roach","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122850838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/91385.91441","mag":"2122850838"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/91385.91441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/91385.91441","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/91394.91441","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1990 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics - SI3D '90","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/91394.91441","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080178077","display_name":"Michael McKenna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael McKenna","raw_affiliation_strings":["","Computer Graphics and Animation Grou p The Media Laboratory","Massachusetts Institute of Technolog y Cambridge, M A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Graphics and Animation Grou p The Media Laboratory","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technolog y Cambridge, M A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023208947","display_name":"Steve Pieper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4193-9578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve Pieper","raw_affiliation_strings":["","Computer Graphics and Animation Grou p The Media Laboratory","Massachusetts Institute of Technolog y Cambridge, M A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Graphics and Animation Grou p The Media Laboratory","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technolog y Cambridge, M A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"David Zeltzer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Zeltzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["","Computer Graphics and Animation Grou p The Media Laboratory","Massachusetts Institute of Technolog y Cambridge, M A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Graphics and Animation Grou p The Media Laboratory","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technolog y Cambridge, M A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2384,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91360213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"165","last_page":"174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10879","display_name":"Robotic Locomotion and Control","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6304138898849487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.619534432888031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.5951704382896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situated","display_name":"Situated","score":0.5398866534233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5088934898376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-control","display_name":"Motor control","score":0.48660504817962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4792775809764862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.43721142411231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3372781276702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.20221880078315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18242570757865906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.08546990156173706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6304138898849487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.619534432888031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.5951704382896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132829578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581151","display_name":"Situated","level":2,"score":0.5398866534233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5088934898376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137813230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2996165","display_name":"Motor control","level":2,"score":0.48660504817962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4792775809764862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.43721142411231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3372781276702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.20221880078315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18242570757865906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.08546990156173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/91385.91441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/91385.91441","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/91394.91441","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1990 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics - SI3D '90","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/91385.91441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/91385.91441","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/91394.91441","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1990 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics - SI3D '90","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2122850838.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2122850838.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22198775","https://openalex.org/W347481693","https://openalex.org/W407104551","https://openalex.org/W1488222878","https://openalex.org/W1505730451","https://openalex.org/W1538678626","https://openalex.org/W1607896167","https://openalex.org/W1640247718","https://openalex.org/W1965084545","https://openalex.org/W2001732738","https://openalex.org/W2002134672","https://openalex.org/W2015216528","https://openalex.org/W2072794470","https://openalex.org/W2081545589","https://openalex.org/W2091051792","https://openalex.org/W2091659790","https://openalex.org/W2106069704","https://openalex.org/W2113123816","https://openalex.org/W2116619049","https://openalex.org/W2116871363","https://openalex.org/W2117908293","https://openalex.org/W2118629895","https://openalex.org/W2124174101","https://openalex.org/W2141228348","https://openalex.org/W2142661488","https://openalex.org/W2149670154","https://openalex.org/W2150312211","https://openalex.org/W2161427949","https://openalex.org/W2176075254","https://openalex.org/W2417746064","https://openalex.org/W2624516165","https://openalex.org/W3013859512","https://openalex.org/W4230931078","https://openalex.org/W4232329994","https://openalex.org/W4234406933","https://openalex.org/W4237047793","https://openalex.org/W4240012698","https://openalex.org/W4250995701"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1600697036","https://openalex.org/W2155106162","https://openalex.org/W1601337804","https://openalex.org/W2035858348","https://openalex.org/W2010047220","https://openalex.org/W2165440188","https://openalex.org/W2552595315","https://openalex.org/W4231598561","https://openalex.org/W2955550861","https://openalex.org/W2497634305"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,26],"have":[1],"developed":[2],"a":[3,52],"virtual":[4,12,97,111],"environment":[5],"system":[6],"which":[7,62,81],"supports":[8],"multiple":[9],"simulations,":[10],"including":[11],"actors.":[13],"These":[14],"actors":[15],"exhibit":[16],"motor":[17,41,79,91],"behavior":[18,33,92],"in":[19,23,68,95,120],"response":[20],"to":[21,99],"activity":[22,45,108],"the":[24,70,83,96,110,121,126],"environment.":[25,71],"present":[27],"an":[28],"example":[29],"actor,":[30],"whose":[31],"low-level":[32],"is":[34,49,113,118],"modeled":[35],"after":[36],"physiological":[37],"analyses":[38],"of":[39,46,109],"cockroach":[40],"behavior.":[42],"The":[43,87,107],"sensori-motor":[44],"our":[47],"roach":[48],"generated":[50],"by":[51,65,77],"hierarchical":[53],"control":[54],"structure.":[55],"Coupled":[56],"oscillators":[57],"generate":[58],"basic":[59],"gait":[60],"patterns,":[61],"are":[63,75],"modified":[64],"reflexes":[66],"feeding":[67],"from":[69],"Stepping":[72],"and":[73,85,102,123,128],"stance":[74],"executed":[76],"kinematic":[78],"programs,":[80],"move":[82],"legs":[84],"body.":[86],"reactive":[88],"level":[89,105],"associates":[90],"with":[93,125],"events":[94],"environment,":[98,122],"simulate":[100],"perception":[101],"implement":[103],"higher":[104],"behaviors.":[106],"actor":[112],"determined":[114],"only":[115],"when":[116],"it":[117],"situated":[119],"interacts":[124],"user":[127],"other":[129],"simulations.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
